We recorded 475 salamanders from 33 (67%) of the stream reaches. In 2002 we conducted a more detailed study of salamander occurrence and abundance within 49 10-m stream reaches, stratified by gradient, that were randomly selected from 15 streams known to contain salamanders. ![]() Landscape-level variation in torrent salamander distribution and relative abundance were related to the age of adjacent riparian forests and to the landform features parent geology and stream aspect. In 2001 we found 145 torrent salamanders in 25% of 59 headwater (first-order) streams from randomly selected $2.58\text$ sections of the study area. ![]() ![]() To better understand the distribution and abundance of headwater-stream salamanders in managed conifer forests, we examined relationships between Cascade torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton cascadae) and biotic and abiotic habitat attributes at landscape and within-stream levels in western Oregon, USA.
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